The large uncertainty in aerosol effects is one of the greatest barriers to society’s ability to project future climate. Aerosols from pollution and other sources counter some of the heat caused by greenhouse gasses, and reducing them may inadvertently intensify near-term warming. Aerosols could also have the potential to temporarily reduce climate warming to prevent catastrophic impacts from climate change while society transitions to a sustainable future. This session featured new research from James Hansen on the impact of aerosols on climate and engage with leading experts on the nuanced relationship between aerosols, Earth’s energy balance, and possible interventions to reduce climate impacts and risks. Learn more.